Wire snaring is the most common form of subsistence poaching used globally. Target species primarily consist of ungulates, however given the indiscriminate nature of wire snares, non-target species often become entrapped as well. The lethal implications of this activity on target and non-target species alike are therefore growingly documented. However, little is known about the non-lethal impacts of this form of poaching. Previous work has suggested that in addition to direct mortality from human predation, animals might also experience reduced fitness from a snaring injury, with potential consequences for long-term population persistence. These costs might manifest in decreased reproductive, energetic, and nutritional wellbeing of the individual in addition to influencing its survival. Thus, using the African lion as a model species, our group is studying whether wire snares indeed cause non-lethal effects as measured in these prospective costs. Potential ramifications for population viability can then be assessed, providing a more complete picture of human impacts on wildlife communities when combined with measures of direct mortality.